Tokens are one or more characters that are part of the same program element. You can find a good introduction to TextMate grammars here, and you can take a look at existing TextMate grammars to learn more about how they work. TextMate grammars rely on Oniguruma regular expressions and are typically written as a plist or JSON. Invented for the TextMate editor, they have been adopted by many other editors and IDEs due to large number of language bundles created and maintained by the Open Source community. VS Code uses TextMate grammars as the syntax tokenization engine. Semantic tokenization and theming are explained in the Semantic Highlighting guide. This article focuses on the TextMate-based tokenization. And as language servers can take a while to load and analyze a project, semantic token highlighting may appear after a short delay. Semantic highlighting goes on top of the syntax highlighting. Highlighting based on semantic tokens is considered an addition to the TextMate-based syntax highlighting. For example, a constant variable name can be rendered using constant highlighting throughout the project, not just at the place of its declaration. Semantic providers are typically implemented by language servers that have a deeper understanding of the source file and can resolve symbols in the context of the project. Starting with release 1.43, VS Code also allows extensions to provide tokenization through a Semantic Token Provider. Tokens are used for syntax highlighting, but also to classify the source code into areas of comments, strings, regex. The TextMate tokenization engine runs in the same process as the renderer and tokens are updated as the user types. VS Code extensions can contribute grammars through the grammars contribution point. TextMate grammars are a structured collection of regular expressions and are written as a plist (XML) or JSON files. VS Code's tokenization engine is powered by TextMate grammars. The tokenization of text is about breaking the text into segments and to classify each segment with a token type. To see both semantic and syntax token, use a built-in theme (for example, Dark+) on a TypeScript file. Theming: Using themes or user settings to map the tokens to specific colors and stylesīefore diving into the details, a good start is to play with the scope inspector tool and explore what tokens are present in a source file and what theme rules they match to.Tokenization: Breaking text into a list of tokens.There are two components to syntax highlighting: It is responsible for colorizing keywords like if or for in JavaScript differently than strings and comments and variable names. Perhaps wait for a response from the maintainer, the issue you linked is fairly new.Īt least conceptually there shouldn't be a reason why it couldn't achieve the same syntax highlighting VSCode does, since it uses the same regex flavour.Syntax highlighting determines the color and style of source code displayed in the Visual Studio Code editor. I have no idea, I expect this is simply a bug in the implementation. onigasm itself relies on WebAssembly.Īs to why syntax highlighting doesn't always work as expected with monaco-textmate. Monaco-textmate relies on onigasm package to provide oniguruma regex engine in browsers. VSCode can have native dependencies because it doesn't run in a browser environment.Īccording to monaco-textmate's readme, it is actually heavily based on vscode-textmate:ĩ9% of the code in this repository is extracted straight from vscode-textmateĪnd it does use the WASM approach mentioned earlier: VSCode itself uses vscode-textmate for its TMLanguage handling, which has the Oniguruma library as a native dependency. It also mentions the possibiliy of perhaps eventually compiling Oniguruma to WebAssembly to work around this. All of this is explained in detail in the "Why doesn't the editor support TextMate grammars?" section of Monaco's FAQ. Monaco however is designed to run in the browser, and the JavaScript regex engine available there is not compatible with Oniguruma. TextMate grammars depend on a particular regex implementation / library called Oniguruma, which is implemented in C.
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